• Gold climbs to a three-week high above $5,150 on renewed safe-haven demand.
• US tariff escalation and rising US-Iran tensions lift geopolitical risk premium.
• Technical momentum strengthens after a decisive break above $5,100.

Gold (XAU/USD) jumps to a three-week high on Monday as fresh uncertainty over United States (US) trade policy and escalating tensions between the US and Iran boost safe-haven demand. At the time of writing, XAU/USD is trading around $5,150, up nearly 1.0% on the day.

US Supreme Court ruling triggers fresh tariff escalation

On Friday, the US Supreme Court ruled against President Donald Trump’s use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose sweeping reciprocal tariffs.

Following the ruling, the Trump administration invoked Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, announcing a temporary 10% flat tariff on imports from all countries, which was raised to 15% on Saturday. The duty will take effect on February 24 and can remain in force for 150 days without Congressional approval.

The move revived global trade uncertainty and amplified concerns about US fiscal and policy credibility, prompting investors to diversify into Gold while trimming exposure to US assets.

US-Iran tensions escalate amid military buildup

Meanwhile, uncertainty surrounding US-Iran nuclear talks continues to keep markets on edge, with reports of a large US military buildup in the Middle East raising fears of potential action against Iran. Negotiations are scheduled to resume in Geneva on Thursday.

Iran has indicated it is willing to make concessions on its nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief and recognition of its right to enrich uranium, aiming to avoid further escalation.

These developments keep geopolitical risk premiums elevated, helping the precious metal extend its recovery. However, stronger follow-through could emerge once Chinese markets return on Tuesday after the Lunar New Year holiday.

Light US data calendar keeps focus on geopolitical risks

On the data front, the US economic calendar is relatively light this week, leaving Gold sensitive to trade and war-related headlines.

Key releases include the four-week average for the ADP Employment Change and the Conference Board Consumer Confidence on Tuesday, followed by President Donald Trump’s State of the Union address on Wednesday, weekly Jobless Claims on Thursday, and the January Producer Price Index (PPI) on Friday.

Last week’s US data showed slower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth alongside firm Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) inflation, reinforcing the view that the Federal Reserve (Fed) will remain patient before resuming interest rate cuts.

Still, traders expect a total of 50 bps of easing by the end of the year, which could provide longer-term support for Gold.

Technical analysis: XAU/USD extends breakout above $5,100

From a technical perspective, Gold’s near-term outlook has improved after a decisive break above the $5,100 resistance level, which also marked the upper boundary of a symmetrical triangle pattern on the 4-hour chart.

The breakout suggests bullish momentum is building, although it lacks strong conviction. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is hovering near 69, close to overbought territory, while the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) histogram remains in positive territory but has begun to contract.

A sustained move above $5,200 would strengthen the bullish case and target the $5,400-$5,500 area. Conversely, a drop back below $5,100 may shift focus to the 100-period SMA at $4,964, with deeper support at $4,850 and $4,650.