Time value of money definition

Time value of money is the principle that a sum of money is worth more today than the same sum in the future. The reason is that money in hand can be invested or earn interest before the later date arrives.

Time value of money links present value and future value. Present value shows what a future sum is worth in today's terms; future value shows what today's sum grows into after it earns a return over a set period and rate.

Present value and future value are the two sides of the same calculation. Future value compounds a known amount forward at a given rate to find what it becomes later. Present value discounts a known future amount back to find what it is worth now. One moves money forward in time; the other moves it back.

Time value of money Example

You hold USD 1,000 today and can earn 5% interest for one year. You work out the future value:

future value = present value √ó (1 + interest rate)

USD 1,000 √ó 1.05 = USD 1,050

Your USD 1,000 today is worth USD 1,050 in one year if it earns a 5% return.