Debt ratio definition

Debt ratio is a leverage measure that divides a company's total debt by its total assets, usually shown as a percentage. It captures how much of the asset base is funded by borrowing rather than by equity.

A higher debt ratio means more of the company's assets are paid for with debt, which raises financial risk if cash flow weakens or interest costs climb. A lower debt ratio points to a sturdier balance sheet and less reliance on borrowing. The reading only means something against a sector benchmark, because acceptable leverage varies by industry.

Debt ratio is one of several leverage gauges. The debt-to-equity ratio measures debt against shareholder equity rather than against total assets, so it answers a slightly different question about funding mix. The current ratio, by contrast, measures short-term liquidity, not long-run leverage. Debt ratio is the broad test of how much of the whole balance sheet rests on debt.

Debt ratio Example

A company has USD 400,000 of total debt and USD 1,000,000 of total assets. The debt ratio is:

USD 400,000 √∑ USD 1,000,000 √ó 100 = 40%

A debt ratio of 40% means 40% of the company's assets are financed by debt and the remaining 60% by equity.