

Three days of gains gave way to a decline in WTI crude during Monday's Asian session, when it traded at around $101.20 per barrel.
Third-quarter GDP figures for the eurozone and Germany exceeded forecasts, helping the euro reach nearly $1.1175 in early European trading on Monday. With Australian economic readings mixed and Chinese manufacturing activity stronger, the Australian dollar lost ground against the U.S. dollar, placing it among the weakest major currencies.
Oil production targets for December will be held steady under the agreement reached on Sunday by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies.
Months of disruption in the Middle East have left inventories lower, tanker availability tighter, alternative export routes stretched and refined-product stocks depleted, said OCBC strategists Sim Moh Siong and Christopher Wong. Gulf exports have nevertheless been recovering, although Brent has stayed above $110 per barrel.
In the strategists' view, transport is becoming the principal constraint, rather than production. Longer journeys, security risks and disruption to routes have kept vessels occupied and driven up freight costs. Those higher transport costs have also unsettled refined-product trade flows and increased replacement costs.
According to Reuters, the UK Maritime Trade Operations said on Monday that a tanker had been hit by two unidentified projectiles while sailing southeast through the Arabian Gulf, approximately 72 nautical miles east of Ras Al Khafji, Saudi Arabia.
The Guardian reported on Sunday that a pause of about two weeks had ended with renewed Ukrainian attacks on Russian oil refineries. The resumption came despite pressure from U.S. President Donald Trump ahead of the U.S. midterm elections, the newspaper said.
How much further the ECB needed to act was increasingly the question, rather than whether it needed to act at all, European Central Bank Governing Council member Peter Kazimir said on Monday. As head of the National Bank of Slovakia as well, Kazimir warned that high inflation should not be allowed to become normalised.
It was not necessarily good policy to wait while inflation spread and businesses passed on costs, he said, adding that markets might still be underestimating the policy path required.
In remarks on Monday, Japanese Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama confirmed that the joint foreign-exchange statement with the United States remained effective and said the government would take action against disorderly currency moves.