
Persistent inflation concerns and expectations of higher interest rates could underpin the US Dollar (USD), leaving scope for USD/CAD to advance. Following two days of gains, the pair is little changed at around 1.4250 in Friday’s Asian session. The US October Producer Price Index (PPI) report, due later on Friday, will provide traders with further direction.

US Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation exceeded forecasts earlier this week, strengthening expectations that the Fed will raise rates in December. According to Fed Governor Christopher Waller, a 50-basis-point increase should be considered if core inflation stays elevated.
From zero before Tuesday’s inflation release, the market-implied probability of a 50-basis-point increase has risen to 14.5%. Friday’s US PPI figures will now be scrutinised for indications of inflation pressures and the US central bank’s interest rate decision. Forecasts point to headline PPI rising 6.6% YoY in October and core PPI increasing 5.0% YoY over the same reporting period.
Lower oil prices could also leave the commodity-linked Canadian Dollar (CAD) under pressure, potentially lending further support to USD/CAD. An increase in US crude inventories is weighing on momentum in West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil prices.
Concerns over excess supply have intensified following a sharp increase in US crude oil inventories last week. Energy Information Administration (EIA) figures showed that stockpiles rose by 9 million barrels in the week ending 5 November, reversing the previous week’s decline of 5.267 million barrels. Market expectations had been for a drawdown of 1 million barrels.
TD Securities sees further scope for selective US Dollar gains. Its analysts observe that “across global major currencies, we see room for the USD to rally selectively against CAD and KRW in the near-term.” Their view that “diverging employment data releases will likely keep USDCAD supported above 1.40,” reflects the argument that a “rising unemployment rate amid falling wage growth rate in Canada also reduces the market pricing of a December BoC rate hike relative to the Fed.”
Interest rates set by the Bank of Canada (BoC), oil prices, economic conditions, inflation and the trade balance are the principal influences on the Canadian Dollar (CAD). Oil is Canada’s largest export, while the trade balance measures the difference between the value of the country’s exports and imports. Investor sentiment also matters: demand for riskier assets, known as risk-on sentiment, tends to support the CAD, whereas risk-off sentiment involves a preference for safe-haven assets. The strength of the US economy is another important influence, given that the US is Canada’s largest trading partner.
By setting the interest rate at which banks can lend to each other, the Bank of Canada (BoC) exerts considerable influence over the Canadian Dollar and borrowing rates across the economy. Its primary objective is to keep inflation within 1-3%, raising or lowering interest rates to achieve this. Relatively high rates generally support the CAD. To adjust credit conditions, the Bank of Canada can also employ quantitative easing, which tends to weigh on the CAD, or quantitative tightening, which tends to support it.
As petroleum is Canada’s largest export, changes in oil prices tend to feed directly through to the Canadian Dollar’s value. Rising oil prices generally lift overall demand for the currency, helping the CAD appreciate; falling prices tend to have the reverse effect. More expensive oil also increases the likelihood of a trade surplus, providing another source of support for the CAD.
Traditionally, inflation was regarded as a drag on currencies because it erodes the value of money. With cross-border capital controls having been relaxed in modern times, however, the relationship has tended to work in the opposite direction. Higher inflation often prompts central banks to raise interest rates, drawing in capital from international investors seeking attractive returns. The resulting demand for the domestic currency supports its value, with the Canadian Dollar benefiting in Canada’s case.
By revealing the state of the economy, macroeconomic releases can move the Canadian Dollar. GDP, manufacturing and services PMIs, employment figures and consumer sentiment surveys all help shape the CAD’s direction. Economic strength supports the currency both by attracting overseas investment and by potentially prompting the Bank of Canada to raise interest rates. Weak economic figures, by contrast, are likely to weigh on the CAD.