New Zealand Dollar declines as NZIER splits on July decision

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NZD/USD depreciates after two days of gains, trading around 0.5690 during the Asian hours on Monday. The pair loses ground as the New Zealand Dollar (NZD) weakens following the ANZ World Commodity Price Index, which fell 1.0% in June as easing Middle East tensions and lower oil prices weighed.

NZD/USD falls as a 1.0% drop in June's ANZ Commodity Price Index weakened the NZD.
The NZD faces volatility as an evenly split NZIER shadow board creates deep uncertainty ahead of the July policy decision.
The US Dollar advances as markets continue to price in multiple Fed rate hikes this year.

The New Zealand Dollar faces an immediate challenge as NZIER economists look past immediate disagreements to project higher interest rates over the coming year. While the shadow board is nearly evenly split on the upcoming July policy decision, creating genuine uncertainty and potential market volatility, its medium-term outlook remains unified. Regardless of the immediate decision, members firmly agree that the Official Cash Rate (OCR) must climb to a range of 3.00% to 3.25% over the next twelve months, establishing a solid anchor for interest rate expectations.

In line with this hawkish medium-term trajectory, ANZ anticipates the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) will raise the OCR by 25 basis points to 2.50% next Wednesday. Despite a sharp decline in global oil prices, ANZ maintains that persistent inflation risks and a weakened domestic currency warrant immediate action. They argue that delivering a neutral-to-dovish rate hike provides the RBNZ with the most comfortable tactical footing to navigate current economic pressures without overly roiling the markets.

The NZD/USD pair depreciates as the US Dollar (USD) rises, as traders expect multiple Federal Reserve (Fed) rate hikes later this year. This comes despite easing global inflation concerns, which have been helped by oil flows normalizing through the critical Strait of Hormuz.

The CME FedWatch tool shows financial markets are pricing in a 77.3% chance of interest rate hikes by year-end. Investors are now looking ahead to Wednesday's release of the Fed’s June policy Meeting Minutes to gain clearer insights into the future path of interest rates.

New Zealand Dollar FAQs

What key factors drive the New Zealand Dollar?

The New Zealand Dollar (NZD), also known as the Kiwi, is a well-known traded currency among investors. Its value is broadly determined by the health of the New Zealand economy and the country’s central bank policy. Still, there are some unique particularities that also can make NZD move. The performance of the Chinese economy tends to move the Kiwi because China is New Zealand’s biggest trading partner. Bad news for the Chinese economy likely means less New Zealand exports to the country, hitting the economy and thus its currency. Another factor moving NZD is dairy prices as the dairy industry is New Zealand’s main export. High dairy prices boost export income, contributing positively to the economy and thus to the NZD.

How do decisions of the RBNZ impact the New Zealand Dollar?

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) aims to achieve and maintain an inflation rate between 1% and 3% over the medium term, with a focus to keep it near the 2% mid-point. To this end, the bank sets an appropriate level of interest rates. When inflation is too high, the RBNZ will increase interest rates to cool the economy, but the move will also make bond yields higher, increasing investors’ appeal to invest in the country and thus boosting NZD. On the contrary, lower interest rates tend to weaken NZD. The so-called rate differential, or how rates in New Zealand are or are expected to be compared to the ones set by the US Federal Reserve, can also play a key role in moving the NZD/USD pair.

How does economic data influence the value of the New Zealand Dollar?

Macroeconomic data releases in New Zealand are key to assess the state of the economy and can impact the New Zealand Dollar’s (NZD) valuation. A strong economy, based on high economic growth, low unemployment and high confidence is good for NZD. High economic growth attracts foreign investment and may encourage the Reserve Bank of New Zealand to increase interest rates, if this economic strength comes together with elevated inflation. Conversely, if economic data is weak, NZD is likely to depreciate.

How does broader risk sentiment impact the New Zealand Dollar?

The New Zealand Dollar (NZD) tends to strengthen during risk-on periods, or when investors perceive that broader market risks are low and are optimistic about growth. This tends to lead to a more favorable outlook for commodities and so-called ‘commodity currencies’ such as the Kiwi. Conversely, NZD tends to weaken at times of market turbulence or economic uncertainty as investors tend to sell higher-risk assets and flee to the more-stable safe havens.