
Strong US inflation figures earlier this week continue to underpin a prospective 0.8% weekly rise in USD/CAD, despite Thursday’s pullback. At the time of writing, the pair trades at 1.4243, below the four-week high of 1.4265 reached earlier in the day. The Canadian Dollar (CAD) has edged higher in a quiet session as the US Dollar (USD) retreats from recent peaks against most of its peers.

Expectations of a further interest rate rise by the Federal Reserve (Fed) in December strengthened after this week’s robust US Consumer Price Index (CPI) figures, lending support to the US Dollar.
Those expectations have been reinforced by Fed officials, whose remarks on Thursday are likely to convey a similar message. Several policymakers are due to speak later in the day; some have already advocated tighter monetary policy at the next meeting.
Last Friday’s disappointing Canadian labour market report, by contrast, continues to weigh on the Canadian Dollar. Rather than the expected increase of 13.6K, employment fell by 4.7K in October, following a decline of 68.3K in September. The Unemployment Rate also climbed to 6.7%, its highest reading since April.
With Canada’s “rising unemployment rate amid falling wage growth rate” weakening the argument for tighter policy, TD Securities analysts note that “diverging employment data releases will likely keep USDCAD supported above 1.40,”
The Canadian Dollar consequently remains exposed to further underperformance against the US Dollar, in their assessment, as this backdrop “reduces the market pricing of a December BoC rate hike relative to the Fed,”
Maintaining price stability within a country or region is a central bank’s core responsibility. As the prices of goods and services fluctuate, economies face inflation or deflation: a sustained increase in the price of the same goods constitutes inflation, while a sustained decline constitutes deflation. By adjusting its policy rate, the central bank seeks to keep demand in check. Major central banks, including the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of England (BoE), have a mandate to keep inflation close to 2%.
Adjusting the benchmark policy rate, commonly referred to as the interest rate, is a central bank’s principal tool for raising or lowering inflation. At scheduled announcements, it publishes its rate decision and explains why the rate is being held, cut or increased. Domestic banks then adjust their savings and lending rates, affecting how easily savers can earn a return and companies can borrow to invest in their businesses. Substantial increases in central bank interest rates are known as monetary tightening; reductions in the benchmark rate are known as monetary easing.
Political independence is common among central banks. Before taking a seat on a central bank’s policymaking board, prospective members undergo a series of panels and hearings. Board members typically hold particular views on how inflation should be managed and which monetary policy should follow. Those favouring very loose policy, with low interest rates and inexpensive borrowing to give the economy a substantial boost, are known as ‘doves’ and are comfortable with inflation slightly above 2%. By contrast, ‘hawks’ favour higher rates to reward saving and seek to contain inflation at all times, pressing for it to reach 2% or slightly below.
Meetings are usually led by a chair or president, whose role includes building consensus between hawks and doves. If votes are evenly split on whether to change policy, the chair has the deciding vote, avoiding a 50-50 tie. Speeches by the chair, often available to follow live, set out the current monetary policy stance and outlook. Central banks aim to advance their policy without causing sharp swings in interest rates, equities or their currencies. Ahead of a policy meeting, all members communicate their views to markets. Public comments are then prohibited from a few days before the meeting until the new policy decision has been announced, an interval known as the blackout period.