EUR/GBP flat lines above 0.8600 as ECB and BoE keep interest rates unchanged

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The EUR/GBP cross holds steady around 0.8625 during the early European session on Friday.

EUR/GBP steadies near 0.8625 in Friday’s early European session.
The European Central Bank kept interest rates on hold at its April meeting.
The Bank of England left interest rates unchanged at 3.75% on Thursday.

The EUR/GBP cross holds steady around 0.8625 during the early European session on Friday. The European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of England (BoE) warned they may need to raise interest rates in the coming months, as central banks grapple with the energy shock triggered by the war in the Middle East.

The ECB governing council opted to hold its benchmark deposit facility rate at 2% on Thursday. According to the statement, the central bank said the inflation outlook was largely unchanged. "The upside risks to inflation and the downside risks to growth have intensified.”

ECB President Christine Lagarde said the central bank’s governing council had discussed a rate rise this month “at length and in depth” before voting for a hold. However, policymakers would closely monitor the situation and take a data-dependent and meeting-by-meeting approach to determining their monetary policy stance.

On the UK’s front, the Bank of England (BoE) held interest rates at 3.75% as uncertainty over the Iran war continues. BoE Governor Andrew Bailey said if price pressures triggered by the conflict proved to be severe, a “forceful tightening” would be required.

Bailey on Thursday played down fears of near-term rate hikes but added: “We’ll continue to monitor the situation and its impact on the UK economy very closely.”

Pound Sterling FAQs

What is the Pound Sterling?

The Pound Sterling (GBP) is the oldest currency in the world (886 AD) and the official currency of the United Kingdom. It is the fourth most traded unit for foreign exchange (FX) in the world, accounting for 12% of all transactions, averaging $630 billion a day, according to 2022 data. Its key trading pairs are GBP/USD, also known as ‘Cable’, which accounts for 11% of FX, GBP/JPY, or the ‘Dragon’ as it is known by traders (3%), and EUR/GBP (2%). The Pound Sterling is issued by the Bank of England (BoE).

How do the decisions of the Bank of England impact on the Pound Sterling?

The single most important factor influencing the value of the Pound Sterling is monetary policy decided by the Bank of England. The BoE bases its decisions on whether it has achieved its primary goal of “price stability” – a steady inflation rate of around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is the adjustment of interest rates. When inflation is too high, the BoE will try to rein it in by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is generally positive for GBP, as higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls too low it is a sign economic growth is slowing. In this scenario, the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit so businesses will borrow more to invest in growth-generating projects.

How does economic data influence the value of the Pound?

Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact the value of the Pound Sterling. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, and employment can all influence the direction of the GBP. A strong economy is good for Sterling. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the BoE to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen GBP. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Pound Sterling is likely to fall.

How does the Trade Balance impact the Pound?

Another significant data release for the Pound Sterling is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought-after exports, its currency will benefit purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.