
Sterling finds support against the US Dollar (USD) as the Bank of England (BoE) adopts a more hawkish policy stance than expected. In Monday’s early Asian session, GBP/USD advances towards 1.3370, ending a two-day run of losses as the British Pound (GBP) strengthens.
With a 25 basis points (bps) increase last week, the BoE took its benchmark interest rate to 4.00%, delivering its first hike in over three years. The Middle East war and the resulting rise in energy prices were highlighted by BoE Governor Andrew Bailey as the principal consideration for future rate decisions. By the end of next year, markets anticipate three further increases, exceeding what most economists expect.

The decline in oil prices as markets responded to the US midterms would not have altered the decision made today, Bailey said. He nevertheless acknowledged that it "obviously" affects his outlook from here.
Further USD weakness could, however, be contained by the stronger-than-expected US Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report. Friday’s release from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) showed that employment rose by 165,000 in October, against September’s gain of 60,000 and the market forecast of 65,000. The Unemployment Rate also declined, moving from 4.2% in September to 4.1% in October.
According to the CME FedWatch tool, the probability priced into markets for a December Fed rate increase has climbed to nearly 79.6%, up from 72.8% ahead of the US employment report.
For ABN Amro analysts, the BoE’s latest decision represents a further move along its tightening trajectory: the central bank "raised the bank rate by 25 bps to 4.00%, matching the upper bound of the 3.75-4.00% Fed Funds Rate range." Strong committee backing reinforces their assessment of a continuing hawkish tilt on the MPC, with "eight members" supporting the hike and "one preferred a 50-bps increase," they note. Geopolitical uncertainty also remains central to the BoE’s policy considerations. ABN Amro points out that the committee "projected inflation to reach around 5% by mid-2027 and signalled another increase unless the Middle East conflict is resolved," highlighting the continuing importance of those risks.
A distinctly more dovish and less certain message emerges from Pill’s FXS Speechtracker reading of 4.2/10, substantially below his historical baseline of 6.4/10. Rather than endorsing a tightening bias, the speech places the emphasis firmly on incoming data: interest rates next year are not predetermined, and no upward course has been set for spring or the period beyond.
Further evidence of that cautious shift comes from the observation that Bank Rate could remain unchanged or even decline if growth stalls. The decisive factors would be the pressure on corporate margins and how companies respond. This greater uncertainty, together with an explicit willingness to cut rates should growth weaken, is modestly negative for GBP and implies less currency support than Pill’s customary position.
The 100-day simple moving average (SMA) continues to limit GBP/USD on the daily chart, with the pair trading just below it. Some underlying demand is indicated by the price holding marginally above the 20-day Bollinger middle band, although the nearby 100-day SMA leaves limited room on the upside. At 51.1, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) remains largely neutral, suggesting insufficient momentum so far to test the prevailing resistance structure.
The first upside hurdle is the 100-day SMA at 1.3395, ahead of the 20-day Bollinger upper band near 1.3485. Regaining that higher level would be necessary for the near-term bias to turn more convincingly bullish. Below the current price, the 20-day Bollinger middle band around 1.3355 provides immediate support; a sustained bout of selling would bring the lower Bollinger band near 1.3225 into focus as the next cushion.
(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)
The United Kingdom’s official currency, the Pound Sterling (GBP), dates back to 886 AD and is the world’s oldest currency. Based on 2022 figures, it ranks fourth globally in foreign exchange (FX) trading, representing 12% of all transactions and an average daily value of $630 billion. Among its main currency pairs, GBP/USD, also called ‘Cable’, represents 11% of FX trading. GBP/JPY, known to traders as the ‘Dragon’, accounts for 3%, while EUR/GBP contributes 2%. Responsibility for issuing the Pound Sterling rests with the Bank of England (BoE).
Monetary policy set by the Bank of England is the most important single influence on the Pound Sterling’s value. Decisions depend on progress towards the BoE’s main objective of “price stability” – maintaining inflation at a steady rate of around 2%. Interest rate adjustments are its principal means of pursuing that objective. To curb excessively high inflation, the BoE raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs for households and businesses. GBP generally benefits because higher rates make the UK a more appealing destination for international investors’ funds. Conversely, very low inflation indicates that economic growth is losing momentum. The BoE may then consider reducing interest rates to lower borrowing costs, encouraging businesses to take on more credit for investment in projects that generate growth.
The Pound Sterling can respond to economic releases because they provide a measure of the economy’s health. GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, and employment figures are among the indicators that can determine GBP’s direction. Sterling benefits from economic strength, which draws in more overseas investment and may also prompt the BoE to raise interest rates, directly strengthening GBP. Weak economic readings, by contrast, are likely to weigh on the Pound Sterling.
The Trade Balance is another important release for the Pound Sterling. Over a specified period, it captures the gap between a country’s export earnings and its import spending. Strong demand for a country’s exports supports its currency through the additional demand from foreign buyers purchasing those goods. A positive net Trade Balance therefore strengthens the currency, while a negative balance has the opposite effect.