
Concerns over inflation were echoed by Boston Federal Reserve (Fed) President Susan Collins, who said that “inflation is too high and appears to be broadening,” following similar remarks earlier from Chicago’s Fed President Austan Goolsbee.
Speaking to Bloomberg TV on Friday, Collins described the latest inflation figures as “less promising than I hope”, while saying that monetary policy had a clear direction. Her base-case scenario envisages “careful adjustments” to monetary policy, although she said she did not know how high interest rates should rise.

Inflation remains excessively high and seems to be spreading more widely
The latest inflation figures are less encouraging than I had hoped
There is clarity on the direction monetary policy will take
The labour market seems to remain on SOLID ground
In my view, some further policy tightening would be justified soon
While the policy direction is clear, its pace and endpoint remain uncertain
The Fed could need to raise rates by more than anticipated
A ‘careful adjustment’ of monetary policy is the best-case scenario
I do not want to specify how high rates should rise or how quickly
Higher costs are expected to be passed on to consumers by many firms
With demand strong, some firms anticipate hiring more workers in key sectors
I see signs that financial markets remain stable and are operating well
The US Dollar recorded its strongest performance against the Australian Dollar today. The table below sets out today's percentage moves in the US Dollar (USD) against the major currencies listed.
| USD | EUR | GBP | JPY | CAD | AUD | NZD | CHF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD | 0.19% | 0.11% | -0.02% | -0.04% | 0.40% | 0.30% | 0.35% | |
| EUR | -0.19% | -0.08% | -0.19% | -0.22% | 0.21% | 0.14% | 0.16% | |
| GBP | -0.11% | 0.08% | -0.13% | -0.13% | 0.29% | 0.23% | 0.24% | |
| JPY | 0.02% | 0.19% | 0.13% | -0.02% | 0.41% | 0.34% | 0.36% | |
| CAD | 0.04% | 0.22% | 0.13% | 0.02% | 0.43% | 0.37% | 0.39% | |
| AUD | -0.40% | -0.21% | -0.29% | -0.41% | -0.43% | -0.06% | -0.05% | |
| NZD | -0.30% | -0.14% | -0.23% | -0.34% | -0.37% | 0.06% | 0.03% | |
| CHF | -0.35% | -0.16% | -0.24% | -0.36% | -0.39% | 0.05% | -0.03% |
Percentage movements between the major currencies are displayed in the heat map. Select the base currency from the left-hand column and the quote currency from the top row. For instance, choosing the US Dollar on the left and reading across to the Japanese Yen gives the percentage change for USD (base)/JPY (quote) in the corresponding cell.
Responsible for setting US monetary policy, the Federal Reserve (Fed) pursues two objectives: price stability and full employment. Adjusting interest rates is its main means of meeting these mandates. If inflation exceeds the Fed’s 2% target and prices climb too rapidly, the central bank increases interest rates. Borrowing then becomes more expensive across the economy, while the US becomes a more appealing destination for international investors' funds, strengthening the US Dollar (USD). Conversely, inflation below 2% or an excessively high unemployment rate may prompt the Fed to cut interest rates. Such a move encourages borrowing but puts pressure on the Greenback.
At eight policy meetings each year, the Federal Reserve's (Fed) Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reviews the economy and decides on monetary policy. Twelve Fed officials participate in the FOMC: the Board of Governors' seven members, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and four of the other eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents. Those four presidents rotate through one-year terms.
When conditions become extreme, the Federal Reserve may turn to Quantitative Easing (QE), a policy that substantially expands credit flows through a stalled financial system. Used in crises or periods of exceptionally low inflation, this unconventional measure was the Fed’s preferred response during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. Under QE, the Fed prints additional Dollars to purchase high-grade bonds from financial institutions. The US Dollar typically weakens as a result.
By reversing QE, Quantitative Tightening (QT) generally supports the US Dollar's value. Under this process, the Federal Reserve ceases bond purchases from financial institutions and, when bonds in its portfolio mature, does not use the repaid principal to buy new bonds.